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Medical Dictionary Starting with J

Jacksonian Epilepsy

Focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body

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Jacksonian March

The spread of abnormal electrical activity from one area of the cerebral cortex to adjacent areas, characteristic of jacksonian epilepsy

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Jail Fever

Typhus Gravior Typhus carcerum; Typhus is a disease caused by infection with one or more rickettsial bacteria Fleas, mites (chiggers), lice, or ticks transmit it when they bite you

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January Disease

East Coast Fever; also known as theileriosis, is a disease of cattle which occurs in Africa and is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva

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Japanese Encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne virus disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of human beings and, less frequently, horses The infection also results in the birth of litter...

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Japanese Flood Fever

Scrub Typhus; A mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) an...

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Japanese River Fever

Scrub Typhus; A mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) an...

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Jaunders

Icterus; a yellow color of the skin and eyes that is caused by too much bilirubin in the bloodstream due to liver problems

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Jaundice

Icterus; yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood Jaundice is often a sign of liver damage or gallbladder disease

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Jaw

A common name for either the maxilla or the mandible

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Jejunum

Central part of the small intestine between duodenum & ileum

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Jiggers

Chiggers; A skin infestation, caused by the larva of the red mite (harvest mite) Features include an itchy red rash to the waist, ankle and skin folds

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Jock Itch

An infection in the groin area caused by a fungus

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Joint Capsule

Articular Capsule, Synovial Capsule; a sac-like fibrous membrane that surrounds a joint

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Jugular

Adj of the neck or throat

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Jumpers Knee

Patellar tendonitis; inflammatory response to repeated stress & irritation at eh patellar tendon

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Jungle Fever

Malarial Fever; A fever produced by malaria, and characterized by the occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms

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Jungle Rot

Skin disorder induced by a tropical climate

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Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A rare form of persistent joint inflammation that affects children

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J-107088

A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of topoisomerase I inhibitor. Also called edotecarin.

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J-pouch coloanal anastomosis

A surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the anus after the rectum has been removed. A 2-4 inch section of the colon is formed into a J-shaped pouch in order to replace the function of t...

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J-pouch colorectal anastomosis

A surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the remainder of the rectum after most of it has been removed during surgery for rectal cancer. A 2-inch to 4-inch section of the colon is formed...

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JAK2 gene

A gene that makes a protein that sends signals in cells to promote cell growth and helps control the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that are made in the bone marrow. Mutat...

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Jakafi

A drug used to treat adults with certain types of primary myelofibrosis (MF), post-polycythemia vera MF, post-essential thrombocythemia MF, or polycythemia vera, and adults and children aged 12 years ...

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Jamshidi needle

A long, hollow needle with a tapered cutting edge on one end and a handle with a place to attach a syringe on the other end. It is used to remove a sample of tissue from the bone marrow. The needle is...

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Javlor

A substance being studied in the treatment of bladder cancer, lung cancer, and other types of cancer. Also called vinflunine.

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JEB

An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat childhood ovarian and testicular germ cell cancers that have spread. It includes the drugs carboplatin (JM8), etoposide phosphate, and bleo...

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JEB regimen

An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat childhood ovarian and testicular germ cell cancers that have spread. It includes the drugs carboplatin (JM8), etoposide phosphate, and bleo...

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Jejunostomy

Surgery to create an opening into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) from the outside of the body. A jejunostomy allows a feeding tube to be put into the small intestine.

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Jelmyto

A drug that contains the active ingredient mitomycin, which comes from the bacterium Streptomyces, and is used to treat adults with a certain type of urothelial cancer. It is given as a solution throu...

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Jemperli

A drug used to treat adults with endometrial cancer or other solid tumors that have come back or are advanced and have certain mutations (changes) in genes involved in DNA repair. It is used in patien...

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Jevtana

A drug used with prednisone to treat prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is castration resistant (has not responded to treatments that lower testosterone levels). It is used...

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Jewett staging system

A staging system for prostate cancer that uses ABCD. “A” and “B” refer to cancer that is confined to the prostate. “C” refers to cancer that has grown out of the prostate but has not spread to lymph n...

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Jiang huang

An East Indian plant that is a member of the ginger family and is used as a spice and food color. The underground stems are used in some cultures to treat certain stomach problems. The substance in ji...

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