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Veterinary Dictionary Starting with C

Cachexia

Extreme weight loss.

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Calcified

The hardening of tissue through the influx of calcium, usually as a result of chronic inflammation.

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Calculus

(Plural calculi) Abnormal stone-like structure(s) usually composed of mineral salts, e.g., a bladder calculus is the same thing as a bladder stone.

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Calorie

The unit of measurement of energy derived from digested food. Fat contains about twice as many calories per gram as protein or carbohydrate.

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Cancer

A malignant tumor.

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Candida

A certain genus of yeast which can cause disease in humans and animals; an infection with Candida is called candidiasis.

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Canine

Pertaining to dogs.

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Carapace

The upper shell of a turtle or tortoise.

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Carbohydrate

Compounds made up of chains of sugar units. Simple carbohydrates include table sugar (sucrose), milk sugar (lactose), and fruit sugar (fructose). Complex carbohydrates are very long chains held togeth...

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Carcinogen

A substance which causes cancer.

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Carcinoma

A malignant cancer that arises from the epithelial tissues of the body such as the skin, intestinal tract, and bladder.

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Cardiac

Relating to the heart

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Cardiomyopathy

Diseases of the heart muscle; does not include diseases of the valves of the heart or congenital defects.

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Cardiopulmonary

Relating to the heart and lungs. 

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Cardiovascular

Related to the heart and blood vessels.

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Carnivore

An animal whose natural diet includes meat.

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Carpus

The wrist (front leg) of dogs and cats. 

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Carrier

An animal which harbors an infectious organism, such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite. The animal does not appear ill, but can still transmit the organism to other animals by direct contact or releas...

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Castration

The removal of the sex organs making the animal incapable of reproduction; the correct use of the word can be used to describe both male and female animals, but it is commonly used to describe only ma...

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Cataract

A cloudiness of the lens of the eye, reducing vision and giving the eye a pearly appearance.

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Caudal

A directional term used to refer to an area more toward the cauda, or tail region; opposite of cranial.

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Caval syndrome

Disease caused by large numbers of worms in the right side of the heart and vena cava, which results in blood circulation problems in the liver leading to the breakdown of red blood cells, anemia, wea...

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Cecum

A blind sac that opens into the colon; found in many animals.

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Cell-mediated immunity

A machine that rapidly spins liquid samples and separates out the particles by their density.

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Centrifuge

The immunity that is the result of either special lymphocytes directly killing the foreign invader, or lymphocytes (T cells) releasing special chemicals which activate macrophages to kill the invader....

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Cerebellum

A portion of the brain, located on the brainstem, that controls coordination.

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Cerebral

Relating to the part of the brain known as the cerebrum. 

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Cerebrum

The largest portion of the brain that performs all higher cognitive functions and is situated in the front part of the cranial cavity.

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Cestodes

Another word for tapeworms

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Chelation

Binding of a substance to a metal, thus helping the body to remove it.

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Chemotherapy

Treatment of a disease with chemical agents (drugs); the term is most commonly used to describe the treatment of cancer with medication.

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Choana

(Plural choanae) An opening between the nasal cavity and oropharynx (mouth) in birds and reptiles.

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Cholangiohepatitis

Inflammation of the gall bladder, bile ducts, and liver

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Cholangitis

Inflammation of a bile duct; see cholecystitis.

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